Internal Combustion (IC) Engine and its classifications.

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Internal Combustion Engine .

An internal combustion engine ( I C Engine ) is a heat engine, in which the mixture of fuel and oxidizer (usually air) are burned in a combustion chamber. In this Internal combustion engine the expansion of high temperature and high pressure gases are produced due to combustion applies directly force to some component of the engine. During this process the force is applied to Piston, turbine blades, or a nozzle. So this forces moves the components over a distance, chemical energy into useful works.
In other terms, The internal combustion engine is a device which utilize the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical works.

In 1860, the first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Belgian engineer Jean Joseph Lenoir.
and the first modern internal combustion engine was created by German engineer Nikolaus Otto in 1876. 

According to Design there are two types of Internal combustion engine :
1. Rotary Engine 
2. Reciprocating Engine.
Rotary Engine : This is the early type of ignition combustion engine, usually design with odd no of cylinder per row in a radial configuration. During this operation the crankshaft will remains stationary. In this type of engine a rotor rotates inside the engine to produce the power.
Rotary engines mostly used in aircraft, a few cars and motorcycles.
The rotary engine are basically two types Single rotor and Multi rotor type.


Reciprocating Engine : In reciprocating engine a piston reciprocate within a cylinder, by this the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted in to rotary motion of the vehicle's wheels. 
The reciprocating engine are most widely used in an automobile sectors. 

The reciprocating engine are classified into two types- Spark ignition (SI) engine and compression ignition(CI) engine.
SI Engine - In spark ignition engine the combustion of fuel occurs by a spark generated by the spark plug located in the cylinder head of engine , due to this fact they are called spark ignition engine.
In this types of engine the fuel used is petrol or gasoline. so this type of engine also known as Petrol or Gasoline Engine also.
CI Engine - In compression ignition engine the combustion of the fuel occurs due to the high pressure exerted on the fuel. The fuel is compressed to high pressure and it started to burning. hence this type of engine is called compression ignition engine. In CI engine the fuel used is Diesel.

The SI and CI engine are either two stroke or Four stroke engine. In the case of two stroke engine , for every two stroke of the piston inside the cylinder of the fuel burnt. it means the every single rotation of the wheel the fuel is burnt. 
In the case of four stroke Engines, the fuel is burnt for every four strokes of the piston inside the cylinder. It means each time of the fuel is burnt there are two rotations of the wheels of the vehicle. the stroke is the distance travels by the piston inside the cylinder. this is usually equal to length of the cylinder.
Since the four stroke engines produce two rotations while two stroke engine produce single rotations each time of fuel burnt.
The efficiency of four stroke engine is more than two stroke engine. Basically petrol engine are used for light weight vehicle and the diesel engine are used for higher weight such as goods vehicles.

Classifications of I C Engines :

There are several types of Ignition combustion engine can we classified-

 1.According to method of ignition-
They are the two types- SI Engine and CI Engine.
In spark ignition(SI) engine the combustion of fuel occurs by a spark generated by the spark plug located in the cylinder head of engine. The SI engine works on Otto-cycle. And In compression ignition engine the combustion of the fuel occurs because of the high pressure exerted on the fuel. The fuel is compressed to high pressure and it started to burnt. The CI engine works on Diesel Cycle.

2. According to types of fuel used-
 1. Gasoline or Petrol- This type of fuel is used in SI engine, SI engine worked on Otto-cycle.
 2. Diesel Engine- This type of fuel is used in CI Engine, CI engine worked on diesel cycle.

3. According to no of piston stroke.
They are the two types- Four stroke and two stroke.
the two stroke and four stroke can be works on both either Otto-cycle or diesel cycle.

4. According to method of fuel feeding-
1.Otto-cycle : Otto cycle is a gas powered cycle that is used in spark ignition combustion engines.
2.Diesel Cycle : A Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into which fuel is injected. 

5. According to cylinder-
They are the two types- Single And Multiple Cylinder.
In single cylinder only one cylinder are used during process, and during in multiple two or more cylinder are used according to power needed.

6.According to positioning of cylinder-
These are the three types-
 Horizontal, Vertical and V-type.









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