Clutch: Definition, Application, Working, Requirements and its Types

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What is a Clutch? 

A clutch is a mechanical device, which engaged or disengaged power transmission especially from driving shaft to driven shaft. In simple word clutches are used to connects and disconnects the rotating shafts.
In the clutch device one shaft is connected to the engine which is known as the driving members or it can also called the power unit, and the other shaft is connected to the driven shaft which provides the power output. In this function the typically the motions involved are rotary, linear clutches are possible.
The main used of a clutches for power and torque transmission from a engine to the flywheel or output shafts, In the torque controlled drill, for interface , one shaft is driven by the motor and the other drives a drill chuck. The clutches are connected to the two shaft so the may we locked with together  and spin the same speed at engaged , and unlocked and spinning at different speed disengaged.
Application :
The clutches used in a motor vehicle are almost very similar in construction and operations. There are some differences in the details of the linkage as well as the pressure assembly.
Some clutches are used for the heavy duty applications has a two friction plate and a intermediate pressure plate . Some clutches are operating by hydraulic means. The dry single plate types of friction clutches is most used in american cars.

Parts of a Clutches

There are mainly the three main members of the clutches-

  • Driving members 
  • Driven members 
  • Operation Members 

1. Driving Members : 
  • Driving members consists of the a flywheel which is mounted on the engine crankshaft. 
  • The flywheel is bolted to a cover which carries a pressure plate , pressure spring and releasing leavers.
  • As the flywheel is bolted to the cover assembly thus the entire assembly of the flywheel and the cover plate all times
  • The clutch housing and the cover provides with opening so that the heat produced during the function dissipated easily.

2. Driven Members :
  • The driven members of the consists of a disc or plate called clutch plate.
  • the clutch is free to slide on the splines of the clutch shaft.
  • Driven members carries friction material on both its surface.
  • when the friction plate is gripped between the flywheel and the pressure plate , it rotates the clutch shaft through splines.

3. Operating Members:
          The operating members consists of a foot pedal, linkage release or through out bearings.

Working of Clutch 

Clutches is a mechanical device used in the transmission system of the vehicle. It engaged and disengaged the transmission system from the engine. it fixed between the engine and the transmission.


When the clutches is engaged the power is transmitted from the engine to the driving wheel through the transmission system and the vehicle start moving.
When the clutch is disengaged the power is not transmitted to the rear hub or driving wheel and the vehicle stops while the engine is still running.
The clutch is disengaged when the starting the engine ,when stopping the vehicle ,when shifting the gears and when idling the engine.
The clutch is engaged when the vehicle is to move and is kept engaged when the vehicle is moving . Clutches is also used to allow the continuous taking up of the loads.

When properly operated ,it prevented jerk motion of the vehicle and thus avoids putting undue strain on the remaining parts of the power transmission system.

Requirements of the clutches

There are the several following requirements of the clutches -
Torque transmission: The clutch should be the able to transfer maximum torque to the engine.
Gradual engagement: the clutch  should engaged gradually engaged to avoid the sudden torque.
Heat Dissipation: Clutches dissipated a large amount of heat which is generated during the clutch operation due to friction.
Dynamic Balancing: The clutch should be dynamically balanced. this is specially required in the case of high speed engine clutches.
Vibration Damping: The clutch should have to suitable mechanism to damp vibration and to eliminate the noise produced during the power transmission.
Free pedal play: To reduce effective clamping load on the carbon through bearing and wear on it. The clutch should have a free pedal play.

The clutch should be in small size as possible by that it occupy minimum space. the clutch should be easy to operate requiring as little effort as possible on the part of the driver. The driven members of the clutch should be built as light as possible.


Types of Clutches: 

There are the following types of the clutches :
1. Friction clutches :
  •   Single plate Clutch.
  •   Multi plate Clutch - ( Wet type and Dry type)
  •   Cone clutch - ( External and internal)

2. Centrifugal Clutches
3. Semi Centrifugal Clutches
4. Conical centrifugal Clutches.
  •    Tapered finger type
  •    Crown spring type

5. Positive Clutches
  •     Dog Clutch
  •     Spline Clutch

6. Hydraulic Clutch.
7. Electromagnetic Clutch
8. Vacuum Clutch
9. Overrunning Clutch or Flywheel unit.







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