Four Stroke Diesel Engine

-

Four Stroke Diesel Engine

The Diesel engine is similar in operation to the gasoline engine. In gasoline engine the spark plug are used for ignition but in engine fuel injector are used instead of spark plug.
Diesel engine may be designed as either two stroke or four stroke. It is works on diesel cycle.
In diesel engine air is compressed to a sufficiently high temp to ignite diesel fuel injected into cylinder, where the combustion and expansion actuate a piston.

The diesel engine converted chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy , after that it is converted in power, which can we used of this power freight trucks, large tractors or we can used it heavy goods vehicles.

Fuel : In the four stroke diesel engine, Petroleum products normally used. Diesel engine are distillates composed of heavy hydrocarbons, with at least 12 to 16 carbons atoms per molecules. these type heavier distillate are taken from crude oil after the more volatile portion used in gasoline are removed.
The boiling points of these heavier distillates range from 177 to 343 degree C. So thus there evaporation temp is much higher than that a gasoline, which have fewer carbon. In diesel engine Diesel fuel are used.

Applications :
There are several application of four stroke diesel engine in automobiles fields such as :
Car, Trucks  and Tractors..
The diesel engine are mostly used for heavy goods or passenger vehicles.

History 

In the 1890, German Inventor, Rudolf Diesel invented an efficient, compression ignition , inter combustion engine due to this reason that engine known as Diesel engine.
Firstly engine invented which was large take more space but low speed, so due to this limitations of their compressed air assisted fuel injection system. In its early year , the diesel engine was completing with another heavy fuel oil engine concepts.

The hot bulb engine invented by Akroyd Stuart.The original cycle proposed by Rudolf Diesel was a constant temperature cycle. after few year Diesel realized his original cycle would not work and he adopted the constant pressure cycle, which is known as diesel cycle..

High speed diesel engine were introduced in 1920 for commercial vehicle applications and the passengers cars was in 1930.

Components of the Four Stroke Diesel Engine : 




 1. Fuel Injector :
Fuel injector is a part of engine's fuel delivery systems that receives and sprays gasoline or diesel into the engine in the form of a high pressure mist. Fuel injector are controlled by engine computer to optimize the amount of fuel as well as the timing of fuel injection.

2. Cylinder ;
It is a cylindrical vessel in which piston reciprocates. Mainly the cylinder made from cast iron or alloy steel.

3. Piston : 
Piston is a element of stroke, it is inside the cylinder ,  Gasses(hot air) exert pressure on it.

4. Connecting Rod : 
Connecting road is connected  the piston and the crank shaft, and transmitted forces from piston to the crank shaft.

5. Crank Shaft :
Crank Shaft converted reciprocating motion of the piston into useful  rotary motion of the output shaft. It is enclosed the crank case. the crank shaft made up of alloy steel.

6. Wrist or Gudgeon Pin :
It from the link between the small end of the connecting rod and piston.

7. Valves :
Valves are provided either on cylinder head or on the side of cylinder for regulating the charge coming in to the cylinder and thus discharge the product of combustion from the cylinder.


Working

In Four stroke cycle engine , cycle is completed in two revolutions of crank shaft or four stroke of the piston.
Each Stroke consists of 1800 of Crank shaft rotation , therefore the cycle consists of 7200 of crank shaft of rotation.

Cycle consists of following four stroke-
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Combustion Stroke
Exhaust Stroke


 Intake Stroke :
 The piston moves from top dead center (T.D.C.) to bottom dead center (B.D.C.) . In this stroke the inlet valve open while the piston pull air (without a fuel) into the cylinder by producing the vacuum pressure in to the cylinder through its downword motion.

Compression Stroke :
In this stroke, The piston moves bottom dead center (B.D.C.) to top dead center (T.D.C.). In this stroke both valve are closed. In this stroke the air compressed.

Combustion Stroke :
The piston reaches at the top, fuel is injected at just the right moments and  ignited, forcing the piston back down from top dead center to bottom dead center. in this stroke both the 
plug are closed.

 Exhaust Stroke :
 At this last of the stroke the piston moves back from bottom dead center to top dead center. pushing out the exhaust created from the contribution out of the exhaust valve. thus the exhaust gasses are out on the way of exhaust valve.


Remained that the Diesel engine has no spark plug , It intake air and compressed it, and that it injected the fuel directly into the combustion chamber. It is the heat of the compressed air that lit the fuel in diesel engine.















You should also read for know about 4-stroke petrol engine.

What is 4-Stroke Petrol Engine? And how it works?






Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Two Stroke Petrol Engine

-
Image
   Two Stroke Petrol Engine Two Stroke engine is a type internal combustion engine, which completes a power cycle in 'up and down' moments,it means two stroke of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.  This is in contrast to a four stroke engine, which required four stroke of the piston to completed a power cycle during two crankshaft revolution.  In a two stroke engine the end of the combustion stroke and the begging of the compression stroke happen at together with the intake and exhaust function occurring at the same time. Two stroke petrol engine are used when mechanical simplicity, light weight , and high power to weight ratio and design priorities, with the traditional lubrication technique of mixing oil into the fuel. They are also have an advantage of working in an any orientation , as there is no oil reservoir dependent on gravity, this is an essential property for hand held tool such as chainsaws. Theoretically the power outpu...
Read more

Heat Pump : Introduction, Working, Types, and their Applications.

-
Image
Heat Pump A heat pump is a device that takes heat from one source and moves it to another location through electrical or mechanical means. In other word- A device that transfers heat from a colder area to a hotter area by using mechanical energy, as in a refrigerator. Heat pumps moves thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer, by observing the heat from a clod space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. A Condenser, an Expansion valve ,an Evaporator and a compressor are the main part of the heat pump. The heat transfer medium circulated through these components is called refrigerant. Lord Kelvin describes the theory of underlying heat pump in 1852. The First heat pump was developed by the Peter von Rittinger in 1855-1857. Working of Heat Pump  Heat pump transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cyc...
Read more

Wind Turbine : Introduction, Working, Advantages & disadvantage and Application.

-
Image
Wind Turbine A Wind Turbine is a device which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. Wind turbine are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis. Small turbine are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic signals. Large turbine can use for making contribution of a domestic power supply. Wind turbine work on a simple principle, instead of using electricity to make wind like a fan-wind turbine use wind to make electricity. Wind turns the propeller like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spin a generator, which creates the electricity. The first known practical wind power plant were built in Sistan , an eastern province of Persia from the 7th century. these Panemone were vertical wind mill, which have long vertical drive shaft with rectangular blades, it makes six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these wind mill were used to grand grain or draw up wa...
Read more