Tech Study

Heat Engine A heat engine is a device that convert the heat into work.. It takes the heat from the reservoir then does some work like moving a piston , lifting weight etc and finally discharging some of heat energy into the sink. In other words- A heat energy is a device that converts the energy locked in fuel into the force and the motion. Fuel like coal,gas , wood when burnt in an engine , release the energy it contains to power factory machinery and locomotives. an engine work by burning fuels to released heat, they are called the heat engine. The invention of the heat engine and their subsequent widespread  adoption was a crucial component of the industrial revolution in Europe. For the third world they are likely to have an equally important role in development. The heat engine can be divided into two main types depending on how the heat is supplied to the engine. The main two types are- Internal combustion engine and the other is External combustion engine. In interna...

A Heat Pump is similar to a Refrigerator. The main difference between the Heat Pump and a Refrigerator is that their operating temperatures. A heat pump takes heat from a lower temperature at a source and rejecting heat to the high temperature, with the help of some energy input in the form of work. And a Refrigerator takes high temperature and rejecting heat at Low temperature. It means heat pumps are used for keeping things hot and A refrigerator used for keeping things cold. Heat Pump : A heat pump is a device that takes heat from one source and moves it into another locations through electrical or mechanical means. Heat pumps moves thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer , by observing the heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one.. A heat pump use external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. Refrigerator : A refrigerator is a machine for keeping things cold. A refrigerator co...

Refrigerator  A refrigerator is a machine for keeping things cold. Fridge or an icebox is a example of refrigerator. A refrigerator does not cool items by lowering their originals temperatures ; instead , an evaporating gas called a refrigerant draw heat away, leaving the surrounding area much colder. Refrigerator and air conditioners both work on the principle of cooling through evaporator. A refrigerator is consists of a thermally insulated compartment and also a heat pump that transfer the heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature bellow the room temperature. a refrigerator maintain a temperature a few degree above the freezing point of the water. optimum temperature rang for food storage is 3 to 5 degree C. A similar device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called freezer. The refrigerator replace the icebox, which had been a common household appliance for al...

Heat Pump A heat pump is a device that takes heat from one source and moves it to another location through electrical or mechanical means. In other word- A device that transfers heat from a colder area to a hotter area by using mechanical energy, as in a refrigerator. Heat pumps moves thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer, by observing the heat from a clod space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. A Condenser, an Expansion valve ,an Evaporator and a compressor are the main part of the heat pump. The heat transfer medium circulated through these components is called refrigerant. Lord Kelvin describes the theory of underlying heat pump in 1852. The First heat pump was developed by the Peter von Rittinger in 1855-1857. Working of Heat Pump  Heat pump transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cyc...

Wind Turbine A Wind Turbine is a device which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. Wind turbine are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis. Small turbine are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic signals. Large turbine can use for making contribution of a domestic power supply. Wind turbine work on a simple principle, instead of using electricity to make wind like a fan-wind turbine use wind to make electricity. Wind turns the propeller like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spin a generator, which creates the electricity. The first known practical wind power plant were built in Sistan , an eastern province of Persia from the 7th century. these Panemone were vertical wind mill, which have long vertical drive shaft with rectangular blades, it makes six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these wind mill were used to grand grain or draw up wa...

Gas Turbine A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gasses or other liquid fuels on mechanical energies. And then this energy is converted into electrical energy with the help of generator. The gas turbine is a prime mover which develops the power by burning of fuels. The gas turbine are the axial flow machine which converted the heat from combusted fuel into the thrust power or shaft power. The hot gasses undergo momentum changes when the flow through the passages from by the stationery and rotating blades. Gas turbine are used to electricity generation. the gas turbine is a one of the most widely used for power generating technologies. Gas turbine are a type of internal combustion engine in which burning of air and fuel mixture produces the hot gasses that spin a turbine to produce power. It is the production of hot gasses during fuel combustion, not the fuel itself that the gives that the gas turbine name. Gas turbine can utilized a variety of fuels, incl...

Kaplan Turbine  kaplan turbine is a type of water turbine. it is a propeller type of turbine which blades are adjustable. It was developed by the Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan in 1913.  The Viktor Kaplan developed this turbine so it is known as Kaplan turbine. Kaplan turbine is an evolution of the Francis turbine. It is invented for efficient power production in low head application which was not possible in Francis turbine . The head range from 10 to 70 meter and the output range from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameter are of this turbine is between 2 to 11 meters. This turbine is rotates at a constant rate, which varies from facility to facility. That the range from as low as 54.5 to 450 rpm. Kaplan turbine works on the principal of axial flow reaction. In axial flow turbines, the water flow turbines , the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of the rotation of the runner. the water was the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic as w...

Francis Turbine  A Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. Francis turbine was developed by an American engineer James Bichens Francis around 1855.  In the Francis flow enters the turbine is radial directions flowing ti its axis, but after striking and interacting with the turbine blades its along the direction of that axis. Due to this reason it is also known as mixed flow turbine. In order for it to operate efficiently, water must reach at all blades equally and flow a controlled by the casing which curl by the turbine in a spiral shape . this shape is called simply the spiral or volute casing. the casing feed water through a set of valves and fixed blades of the turbine rotor. The blades of a Francis turbine rotor are carefully shaped to extract the maximum amount of  energy to extract the maximum amount of energy from the water flowing through it. water should flow smoothly through the turbine for best efficiency. the force extracted by the water on the blade...