Heat Engine: Introduction, Types, Efficiency and its Application

-


Heat Engine

A heat engine is a device that convert the heat into work.. It takes the heat from the reservoir then does some work like moving a piston , lifting weight etc and finally discharging some of heat energy into the sink.
In other words- A heat energy is a device that converts the energy locked in fuel into the force and the motion. Fuel like coal,gas , wood when burnt in an engine , release the energy it contains to power factory machinery and locomotives. an engine work by burning fuels to released heat, they are called the heat engine.
The invention of the heat engine and their subsequent widespread  adoption was a crucial component of the industrial revolution in Europe. For the third world they are likely to have an equally important role in development.
The heat engine can be divided into two main types depending on how the heat is supplied to the engine. The main two types are- Internal combustion engine and the other is External combustion engine. In internal combustion engine heat is generated by the combustion of the fuel within the engine, whereas in the external combustion engine heat is transferred to the engine from the external source.

Types of Heat Engine

According to the heat supply the heat can be divided in two types-
1. Internal Combustion Engines : 
This process includes the combustion of the fuel that takes place within the system. These type of the engine takes place where the fuel is burnt in the engine or where the fossil fuel combustion occurs. In internal combustion engine piston are mostly use. These piston are moves up and down within the cylinder that are presented in the heat engine. When a single motion of a piston move in the upward and the downward direction inside the cylinder is known as the stroke.
For example-Mostly a car have four stroke internal combustion heat engine, that consists of an Intake stroke,power stroke, combustion stroke, and exhaust stroke.

2. External Combustion Engines :
These type of heat Engine takes where the fuel is burnt outside the engine or where the fuel combustion occurs outside the engine. It is a heat engine where a working fluid is included internally and the heat by combustion in an external source through the engine wall. The fluid then produce the motion and usable work by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine.


Efficiency of Heat Engine

The efficiency of the heat engine is the ratio between its output of work to the heat supply of the heat engine.


                    Efficiency = W/Q1.
 where,
                  W= work done by the engine.
                  Q1 = heat supplied

after each cycle, the engine returns to its original state so that it does not affect its internal energy. dell U= 0.
                  W = Q1 - Q2
hence the efficiency is :
                   Efficiency = (Q1- Q2)/ Q1
or,               Efficiency = 1 - Q2/Q1

so here efficiency will be 100% but in actual, this is not possible because there will be some loss of energy in the system. Hence for every engine , there is a limit for its efficiency. Gasoline and Diesel engine, jet engines and steam turbine that generate electricity are all example of heat engine.


Application 

Heat engine convert heat into mechanical energy.
The can be used for almost any purpose and they are all around us in most forms of transportation , generation of electric power, pumping of fluid and movement of air.
the engine that you commonly see everyday convert gasoline or diesel fuel into heat an it turns it into mechanical energy.
























Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Two Stroke Petrol Engine

-
Image
   Two Stroke Petrol Engine Two Stroke engine is a type internal combustion engine, which completes a power cycle in 'up and down' moments,it means two stroke of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.  This is in contrast to a four stroke engine, which required four stroke of the piston to completed a power cycle during two crankshaft revolution.  In a two stroke engine the end of the combustion stroke and the begging of the compression stroke happen at together with the intake and exhaust function occurring at the same time. Two stroke petrol engine are used when mechanical simplicity, light weight , and high power to weight ratio and design priorities, with the traditional lubrication technique of mixing oil into the fuel. They are also have an advantage of working in an any orientation , as there is no oil reservoir dependent on gravity, this is an essential property for hand held tool such as chainsaws. Theoretically the power outpu...
Read more

Heat Pump : Introduction, Working, Types, and their Applications.

-
Image
Heat Pump A heat pump is a device that takes heat from one source and moves it to another location through electrical or mechanical means. In other word- A device that transfers heat from a colder area to a hotter area by using mechanical energy, as in a refrigerator. Heat pumps moves thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer, by observing the heat from a clod space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. A Condenser, an Expansion valve ,an Evaporator and a compressor are the main part of the heat pump. The heat transfer medium circulated through these components is called refrigerant. Lord Kelvin describes the theory of underlying heat pump in 1852. The First heat pump was developed by the Peter von Rittinger in 1855-1857. Working of Heat Pump  Heat pump transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cyc...
Read more

Wind Turbine : Introduction, Working, Advantages & disadvantage and Application.

-
Image
Wind Turbine A Wind Turbine is a device which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. Wind turbine are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis. Small turbine are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic signals. Large turbine can use for making contribution of a domestic power supply. Wind turbine work on a simple principle, instead of using electricity to make wind like a fan-wind turbine use wind to make electricity. Wind turns the propeller like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spin a generator, which creates the electricity. The first known practical wind power plant were built in Sistan , an eastern province of Persia from the 7th century. these Panemone were vertical wind mill, which have long vertical drive shaft with rectangular blades, it makes six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these wind mill were used to grand grain or draw up wa...
Read more