Wind Turbine : Introduction, Working, Advantages & disadvantage and Application.

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Wind Turbine

A Wind Turbine is a device which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. Wind turbine are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis. Small turbine are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic signals. Large turbine can use for making contribution of a domestic power supply.

Wind turbine work on a simple principle, instead of using electricity to make wind like a fan-wind turbine use wind to make electricity. Wind turns the propeller like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spin a generator, which creates the electricity.

The first known practical wind power plant were built in Sistan , an eastern province of Persia from the 7th century. these Panemone were vertical wind mill, which have long vertical drive shaft with rectangular blades, it makes six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these wind mill were used to grand grain or draw up water , and were used in the grist milling and sugarcane.

The first wind turbine created for electricity production is built by inventor Charles Brush in 1888, to provide electricity for his mansion in Ohio.


Working of a Wind Turbine

The majority of wind turbine consists of three blades mounted to a tower. the tower made from the tubular steel. When the wind strikes the rotor blades, blades start the rotating. The turbine rotor is connected to high speed gear box. Gearbox transforms the rotor rotating from low speed to high speed. The high speed shaft from the gearbox is coupled with the rotor and the generator hence the electrical generator runs at the higher speed .


An exciter is needed to give the required excitation to the magnetic coil of the generator field system so that is can generate the required electricity.
The generator voltage of output terminals of the alternator is proportional to both the speed and field flux of the alternator.
The speed is governed by the wind power which is out of control. Hence to maintain uniformly of the output power from the alternator, excitation must be controlled according to the availability of natural wind power. Then output voltage of the electrical generator is given to rectified to DC. Then this rectified DC output is given to line converter unit it into stabilized AC out put which is ultimately fed to either electrical transmission network or transmission grid with the help of step up transformer, an extra unit is used to give the power of internal auxiliaries wind turbine like motor , battery etc, this is called internal supply unit.
There are another two control mechanism attached to a modern big wind turbine.
Controlling the orientation of the turbine blades.
Controlling the orientation of the turbine of the face.


Types of Wind Turbine

The wind turbine are basically two types-
1. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine :
A horizontal wind turbine has a similar design to a wind mill, It has blades that look like a propeller that spin on the horizontal axis. Horizontal axis wind turbine have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of the tower, and the must be pointed into the wind.

2. Vertical Axis Wind turbine :
In vertical axis wind turbine the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. the main advantage of this arrangement is that the wind turbine does does not need to be pointed into the wind. this is an advantage on site where the wind direction is highly or has turbulent winds.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy 

Advantages:
  • Wind energy is renewable and sustainable resources.
  • It is good for the Environment, Wind turbine does not create pollution whilst generating electricity.
  • It reduces fuel consumption. this not only reduces the carbon but also help to conserve the dwindling supplies of earth's natural resources, such as coil oil and natural gases.
  • Wind energy is as like free because the wind is readily available and free for everyone to use.
  • Wind turbine has a small land  footprint. 
  • Wind energy can provide power to remote locations. this can benefit everything from small villages to remote research facilities.
  • Wind turbine are relatively low maintenance cast, And also it has low running costs.

Disadvantage:
  • Its installation cast is high. so it is expensive.
  • The wind fluctuates- wind energy has a similar drawback to solar energy in that it is not constant. Although the wind is sustainable and will never run out, wind speed does change.
  • Wind turbine pose a Threat to wildlife.
  • Wind turbine are noisy.
  • Wind turbine create visual pollution.

Applications of Wind Power

  • Generation of electricity- Windmills harness wind energy to create electricity. Its a clean and green form of energy.
  • Transportation - The power of wind is used for propulsion is sailing vessels and sail boats.
  • Pumping water- Similar to wind mill the energy form of wind is used to drive a pump.
  • Milling grain- Green milling in certain locations are done using wind energy.
  • Sports- A number of sports use wind energy as their sources like wind surfing, land surfing, kite boarding etc.



































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